isolated voltage stimulator digiter ds2  (Digitimer North America LLC)

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Dopamine Modulates the Processing of Food Odour in the Ventral Striatum

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10051126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Four groups of neurones are distinguished from their response to food odour. From ( A ) to ( D ) top: all neurone activity before ( left ) and during ( right ) food odour stimulation. Activity is measured as number of spikes per 250 ms and averaged over 2 s before and 2 s during odour stimulation. Bottom: illustration of the response of a single neurone from the same group. Black bar, odour stimulation. Top trace is respiration, bottom trace is single unit recording. X axis in seconds (S). ( A ): 23 neurones increased their activity during food odour stimulation. ( B ): 10 neurones decreased their activity upon food odour stimulation. ( C ): these 8 neurones did not display a change in their activity but became rhythmic in phase with the respiratory cycle during odour stimulation. ( D ): 53 neurones didn’t respond to food odour stimulation.

Article Snippet: They were connected to an insulated stimulation device (model DS2, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK) delivering square wave pulses.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Single-unit Recording

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Dopamine Modulates the Processing of Food Odour in the Ventral Striatum

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10051126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relation between spontaneous activity of neurones and food odour evoked activation. For those 23 food odour excited neurones of A, each point displays the percent increased activity upon food odour stimulation (y-axis) plotted versus the mean spontaneous activity (x-axis). There is a significant correlation between the 2 variables (Spearman r = −0.5744, p = 0.0041).

Article Snippet: They were connected to an insulated stimulation device (model DS2, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK) delivering square wave pulses.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Activation Assay

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Dopamine Modulates the Processing of Food Odour in the Ventral Striatum

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10051126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of food odour stimulation on LFP recordings. ( Left ) In a first test, we observed that odour released from 3 g and 10 g of freshly crushed food pellets increased power in the beta-band frequency (15–40 Hz, power ratio: [power during the 2 s of stimulation/power for 2 s before the stimulation]) as compared to no odour (empty container) ( n = 9 rats). A second test of odour stimulation ( right ) performed 5 min later, still elicited a power increase with 3 g and 10 g food odour stimulation, although of lesser amplitude. Empty container different from 3 g and 10 g, * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: They were connected to an insulated stimulation device (model DS2, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK) delivering square wave pulses.

Techniques:

Journal: Biomedicines

Article Title: Dopamine Modulates the Processing of Food Odour in the Ventral Striatum

doi: 10.3390/biomedicines10051126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Simultaneous recordings of multiunit activity and local field potentials in the ventral striatum. The raw electrophysiological signal (( A ), 1 Hz–10 kHz) was filtered to provide multiunit activity (( C ), high pass > 500 Hz) and LFP in the beta-band frequency (( D ), bandpass: 15–40 Hz). ( E ) represents the time-frequency plot of ( D ) channel (yellow-orange colours: higher power). Black horizontal bar: 2 s of food odour stimulation. ( B ): respiration. Food odour stimulation elicited increased neuronal activity, which became rhythmic [( C )], greater amplitude and frequency of the LFP signal ( A , D ), and increased power in the beta-band frequency [( E )]. mV millivolt; AU arbitrary units; Hz: hertz, s: seconds.

Article Snippet: They were connected to an insulated stimulation device (model DS2, Digitimer Ltd., Welwyn Garden City, UK) delivering square wave pulses.

Techniques: Activity Assay